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Comparison of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of down-flow and up-flow biological activated carbon

Lu Ao, Wenjun Liu, Yang Qiao, Cuiping Li, Xiaomao Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1046-7

摘要：

The UF membrane fouling by down- and up-flow BAC effluents were compared.

Up-flow BAC effluent fouled the membrane faster than down-flow BAC effluent.

The combined effects dominated irreversible fouling.

The extent of fouling exacerbated by inorganic particles was higher.

关键词： Ultrafiltration     Membrane fouling     Down-flow biological activated carbon     Up-flow biological activated carbon     Particles     Polysaccharide    

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Simultaneous Feammox and anammox process facilitated by activated carbon as an electron shuttle for autotrophicbiological nitrogen removal

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1498-z

摘要：

• The autotrophic nitrogen removal combining Feammox and Anammox was achieved.

关键词： Feammox     Anammox     Extracellular electron transfer     Electron shuttle     Activated carbon    

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Effect of biological activated carbon filter depth and backwashing process on transformation of biofilm

Wanqi Qi, Weiying Li, Junpeng Zhang, Xuan Wu, Jie Zhang, Wei Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1100-0

摘要：

We studied BAC biofilm during the process of initial operation and backwash.

Microbial diversity decreased gradually with the increase of BAC filter depth.

Proteobacteria dominated at the phylum level among the BAC biofilm samples.

α-proteobacteria increased about 10% in all carbon filter depth after backwash.

关键词： Biological activated carbon     Biofilm     Community structure     Carbon filter depth     High-throughput sequencing    

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Nitrification and denitrification in biological activated carbon filter for treating high ammonia source

LIU Jianguang, ZHANG Xiaojian, WANG Zhansheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 94-98 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0020-1

摘要： Since the ammonia in the effluent of the traditional water purification process could not meet the supply demand, the advanced treatment of a high concentration of 4-N micro-polluted source water by biological activated carbon filter (BACF) was tested. The filter was operated in the downflow manner and the results showed that the removing rate of NH4-N was related to the influent concentration of NH4-N. Its removing rate could be higher than 95% when influent concentration was under 1.0 mg/L. It could also decrease with the increasing influent concentration when the 4-N concentration was in the range from 1.5 to 4.9 mg/L and the dissolved oxygen (DO) in the influent was under 10 mg/L, and the minimum removing rate could be 30%. The key factor of restricting nitrification in BACF was the influent DO. When the influent NH4-N concentration was high, the DO in water was almost depleted entirely by the nitrifying and hetetrophic bacteria in the depth of 0.4 m filter and the filter layer was divided into aerobic and anoxic zones. The nitrification and degradation of organic matters existed in the aerobic zone, while the denitrification occurred in the anoxic zone. Due to the limited carbon source, the denitrification could not be carried out properly, which led to the accumulation of the denitrification intermediates such as NO2. In addition to the denitrification bacteria, the nitrification and the heterotrophic bacteria existed in the anoxic zone.
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Effect of denitrifying bacteria on the electrochemical reaction of activated carbon fiber in electrochemical

YING Diwen, JIA Jinping, ZHANG Lehua

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 305-310 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0051-z

摘要： An electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm system consisting of activated carbon fiber electrodes immobilized with denitrifying bacteria film as cathode was studied. A revised model for an electrochemical-activated denitrifying biofilm was developed and validated by electrochemical analysis of cathodal polarization curves and nitrate consumption rate. The cathodal polarization curve and nitrate consumption rate were introduced to verify the rate of electrochemical reaction and the activity of denitrifying bacteria, respectively. It was shown that the denitrification process effectively strengthened the electrochemical reaction while the electron also intensified denitrification activity. Electron was transferred between electrochemical process and biological process not only by hydrogen molecule but also by new produced active hydrogen atom. Additionally, a parameter of apparent exchange current density was deprived from the cathodal polarization curve with high overpotential, and a new bio-effect current density was defined through statistical analysis, which was linearly dependent to the activity of denitrification bacteria. Activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode was also found to be more suitable to the electrochemical denitrifying system compared with graphite and platinum.

关键词： ACF     apparent exchange     hydrogen molecule     activated     biological process    

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Development of pretreatment protocol for DNA extraction from biofilm attached to biologic activated carbon

Shuting ZHANG, Bo WEI, Xin YU, Bing LIU, Zhuoying WU, Li GU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 459-465 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0249-3

摘要： The biologic activated carbon (BAC) process is widely used in drinking water treatments. A comprehensive molecular analysis of the microbial community structure provides very helpful data to improve the reactor performance. However, the bottleneck of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from BAC attached biofilm has to be solved since the conventional procedure was unsuccessful due to firm biomass attachment and adsorption capacity of the BAC granules. In this study, five pretreatments were compared, and adding skim milk followed by ultrasonic vibration was proven to be the optimal choice. This protocol was further tested using the vertical BAC samples from the full-scale biofilter of Pinghu Water Plant. The results showed the DNA yielded a range of 40 μg·g BAC (dry weight) to over 100 μg·g BAC (dry weight), which were consistent with the biomass distribution. All results suggested that the final protocol could produce qualified genomic DNA as a template from the BAC filter for downstream molecular biology researches.

关键词： bacterial DNA extraction     biological activated carbon (BAC)     biofilm     water treatment     pretreatment protocol    

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Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge

LIU Hong, YAN Yixin, WANG Wenyan, YU Yongyong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 67-72 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0013-5

摘要： This work aims to explore a procedure to improve biological wastewater treatment efficiency using low intensity ultrasound. The aerobic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the experimental material. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the activated sludge (AS) was determined to indicate the changes of AS activity stimulated by ultrasound at 35 kHz for 0 40 min with ultrasonic intensities of 0 1.2 W/cm. The highest OUR was observed at the ultrasonic intensity of 0.3 W/cm and an irradiation period of 10 min; more than 15% increase was achieved immediately after sonication. More significantly, the AS activity stimulated by ultrasound could last 24 h after sonication, and the AS activity achieved its peak value within 8 h after sonication, or nearly 100% higher than the initial level after sonication. Therefore, to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency of bioreactors, ultrasound with an intensity of 0.3 W/cm could be employed to irradiate a part of the AS in the bioreactor for 10 min every 8 h.

关键词： sonication     irradiation     kHz     treatment efficiency     AS activity    

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

摘要：

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

关键词： Granular activated carbon     Biologically activated carbon filter     Bacterial community structure     Pore structure    

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Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl

Leila KARIMNEZHAD,Mohammad HAGHIGHI,Esmaeil FATEHIFAR

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 835-844 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0695-4

摘要： A series of activated carbons with high surface area were prepared from walnut shell using chemical activation with ZnCl . In this research the carbonization stage was carried out at 500°C. The performance of the synthesized carbons evaluated in adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas. The influence of impregnation ratio on the characteristics of synthesized activated carbons as well as their adsorption capacity was investigated. The ratio of activation agent to walnut shell was selected in the range of 0.5–2.0 wt/wt. The synthesized activated carbons were characterized using XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR techniques. The highest activated carbon production yield was obtained at impregnation ratio of 1.5 wt/wt. The XRD analysis illustrated that peaks intensity decreased with increasing impregnation ratio showing that amorphous property of samples was increased. The SEM analysis revealed successful pore development in synthesized activated carbons obtained at high impregnation ratios. The surface area of the activated carbons increased with increasing impregnation ratio and its maximum value reached 2643 m ?g at impregnation ratio of 2/1. FTIR analysis indicated that the relative amount of different acidic surface groups on synthesized carbons was a function of impregnation ratio. Experimental results for benzene and toluene adsorption showed a high potential of employing synthesized impregnated activated carbon for treatment of waste gas. Generally, the amount of VOC adsorbed on the surface was affected by physicochemical properties of synthesized activated carbons.

关键词： Chemical activation     activated carbon     textural characterization     adsorption     benzene     toluene    

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Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

Yan MA, Naiyun GAO, Wenhai CHU, Cong LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 158-165 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0479-7

摘要： In this study, the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on phenol was investigated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters like PAC type, PAC dose, initial solution pH, temperature and pre-oxidation on the adsorption of phenol by PAC and establish the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isothermal models. The results indicated that PAC adsorption is an effective method to remove phenol from water, and the effects of all the five factors on adsorption of phenol were significant. The adsorption rate of phenol by PAC was rapid, and more than 80% phenol could be absorbed by PAC within the initial 10 min. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant amounted to 0.0313, 0.0305 and 0.0241 mg·μg ·min with coal, coconut shell and bamboo charcoal. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model gave the best correlation with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy (? ), enthalpy (? ) and entropy (? ) obtained in this study indicated that the adsorption of phenol by PAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing.

关键词： phenol     powdered activated carbon     adsorption     kinetics     isotherms    

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Thermal defluorination behaviors of PFOS, PFOA and PFBS during regeneration of activated carbon by molten

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1524-9

摘要：

• New method of mineralizing PFCs was proposed.

关键词： PFCs     Molten sodium hydroxide     Thermal degradation     Activated carbon regeneration    

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Permeability and thermal conductivity of host compressed natural graphite for consolidated activatedcarbon adsorbent

Bo TIAN, Liwei WANG, Zhequan JIN, Ruzhu WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 159-165 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0145-y

摘要： Permeability and thermal conductivity test units were set up to study the heat and mass transfer performance of the host material, i.e. expanded natural graphite (ENG), for consolidated activated carbon (AC) adsorbent. The permeability was tested with nitrogen as the gas source, and the thermal conductivity was studied using steady-state heat source method. The results showed that the values of permeability and thermal conductivity were 10 to 10 m and 1.7 to 3.2 W/(m·K), respectively, while the density compressed expanded natural graphite (CENG) varied from 100 to 500 kg/m . The permeability decreased with the increasing density of CENG, whereas the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing density of CENG. Then the thermal conductivity and permeability of granular AC were researched. It was discovered that the thermal conductivity of samples with different grain size almost kept constant at 0.36 W/(m·K) while the density was approximately 600 kg/m . This means that the thermal conductivity was not related to the grain size of AC. The thermal conductivity of CENG was improved by 5 to 10 times compared with that of granular AC. Such a result showed that CENG was a promising host material for AC to improve the heat transfer performance, while the mass transfer performance should be considered in different conditions for utilization of adsorbent.

关键词： permeability     thermal conductivity     expanded nature graphite     activated carbon    

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Functionalized activated carbon for the adsorptive removal of perchlorate from water solutions

Rovshan MAHMUDOV, Chinglung CHEN, Chin-Pao HUANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 194-208 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1517-3

摘要： Two types of activated carbon, namely, Filtrasorb 400 and Nuchar SA, were functionalized by quaternary ammonium salts (quats), as to enhance perchlorate adsorption. Results showed that the adsorption of quats on Nuchar SA increased with increase in chain length (hydrophobicity) of quats. Filtrasorb 400, however, had limited uptake of long-chain quats such as dodecyltrimethylammonium and hexadecyltrimethylammoium (HDTMA). Results indicated that perchlorate removal by the functionalized activated carbon was directly related to the chain length of the modifying quats. Perchlorate removal by functionalized activated carbon increased with increase in chain length of the modifying quats and became less pH-dependent. Modified Nuchar SA had higher overall perchlorate removal capacity than the modified Filtrasorb F400, but was more strongly affected by pH than Filtrasorb 400. Activated carbon treated with HDTMA exhibited the best perchlorate removal capacity among all quats studied. Results indicated that tailoring the activated carbon surface with HDTMA rendered the activated carbon surface positively charged, which resulted in substantial increase in perchlorate removal compared to unfunctionalized activated carbons.

关键词： perchlorate     activated carbon     removal     functionalization     quaternary ammonium salts    

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Synthesis and characterization of phosphotungstic acid/activated carbon as a novel ultrasound oxidative

Liyan LIU, Yu ZHANG, Wei TAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 422-427 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1353-2

摘要： Phosphotungstic acid/activated carbon (PTA/AC) catalysts with various AC sizes or PTA content have been synthesized and characterized by N physisorption, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. These catalysts were then evaluated in terms of the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process. The results showed that the DBT conversion obviously increased with the decrease of AC support size and the increase of PTA content. After supporting PTA on AC, the DBT conversion can be improved by 38.9% after ultrasound irradiation for 10 min. In addition, the stability tests of PTA/AC showed that the catalytic oxidative activity of PTA/AC was nearly kept constant after ultrasound irradiation for 20 min, which makes it a promising catalyst to use in ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization process.

关键词： phosphotungstic acid     activated carbon     ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization    

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Insight into the promotion mechanism of activated carbon on the monolithic honeycomb red mud catalyst

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1337-7

摘要：

• Activated carbon was proposed to be an efficient accelerant for molded red mud catalyst.

关键词： NOx     Selective catalytic reduction     Iron-based catalyst     Red mud     Monolithic catalyst     Activated carbon    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Comparison of membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of down-flow and up-flow biological activated carbon

Lu Ao, Wenjun Liu, Yang Qiao, Cuiping Li, Xiaomao Wang

期刊论文

Simultaneous Feammox and anammox process facilitated by activated carbon as an electron shuttle for autotrophicbiological nitrogen removal

期刊论文

Effect of biological activated carbon filter depth and backwashing process on transformation of biofilm

Wanqi Qi, Weiying Li, Junpeng Zhang, Xuan Wu, Jie Zhang, Wei Zhang

期刊论文

Nitrification and denitrification in biological activated carbon filter for treating high ammonia source

LIU Jianguang, ZHANG Xiaojian, WANG Zhansheng

期刊论文

Effect of denitrifying bacteria on the electrochemical reaction of activated carbon fiber in electrochemical

YING Diwen, JIA Jinping, ZHANG Lehua

期刊论文

Development of pretreatment protocol for DNA extraction from biofilm attached to biologic activated carbon

Shuting ZHANG, Bo WEI, Xin YU, Bing LIU, Zhuoying WU, Li GU

期刊论文

Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge

LIU Hong, YAN Yixin, WANG Wenyan, YU Yongyong

期刊论文

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

期刊论文

Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl

Leila KARIMNEZHAD,Mohammad HAGHIGHI,Esmaeil FATEHIFAR

期刊论文

Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

Yan MA, Naiyun GAO, Wenhai CHU, Cong LI

期刊论文

Thermal defluorination behaviors of PFOS, PFOA and PFBS during regeneration of activated carbon by molten

期刊论文

Permeability and thermal conductivity of host compressed natural graphite for consolidated activatedcarbon adsorbent

Bo TIAN, Liwei WANG, Zhequan JIN, Ruzhu WANG

期刊论文

Functionalized activated carbon for the adsorptive removal of perchlorate from water solutions

Rovshan MAHMUDOV, Chinglung CHEN, Chin-Pao HUANG

期刊论文

Synthesis and characterization of phosphotungstic acid/activated carbon as a novel ultrasound oxidative

Liyan LIU, Yu ZHANG, Wei TAN

期刊论文

Insight into the promotion mechanism of activated carbon on the monolithic honeycomb red mud catalyst

期刊论文